ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a global health problem. Dietary factors, especially fatty acids, may affect MS pathology. However, the associations between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and MS risk demonstrate inconsistent results. To clarify the relationship between dietary n-3 PUFA and endothelial function on MS, we carried out a systematic review. An electronic literature search based on controlled clinical trials (CCTs) between 2004 and 2020 was conducted. A total of 28 articles were included in the systematic review. Studies were analyzed according intervention type: dietary interventions (12 CCTs), dietary supplementation interventions (9 CCTs) and mixed interventions (7 CCTs). Studies with dietary interventions characterized by n-3 PUFAs increased by food source, such as Mediterranean and Nordic-style diets, reported significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and also in inflammatory endothelial biomarkers. The same effect was also observed in mixed interventions and in CCTs with n-3 PUFAs supplementation. Dietary interventions with n-3 PUFAs contributes to improved endothelial and cardiovascular health in SM and associated risk factors.
RESUMEN El síndrome metabólico (SM) es un problema sanitario global. Los factores dietéticos, especialmente los ácidos grasos, pueden afectar la patología del SM. Sin embargo, las asociaciones entre los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 (AGPI n-3) y el riesgo de SM pueden ser inconsistentes. Para aclarar esta relación entre AGPI n-3 dietarios y la función endotelial en el SM, realizamos una revisión sistemática. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en fuentes electrónicas de ensayos clínicos controlados (ECC) entre 2004 y 2020. Se incluyeron un total de 28 artículos en la revisión. Los estudios fueron analizados según intervención realizada: intervención dietaria (12 ECC), intervención con suplementación dietética (9 ECC) e intervenciones mixtas (7 ECC). Los estudios que utilizaron intervenciones dietéticas con aumento de AGPI n-3 a través de alimentos, como las dietas mediterráneas y nórdicas, reportaron una reducción significativa de la presión arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) y de biomarcadores endoteliales inflamatorios. El mismo efecto se observó en intervenciones mixtas y ECC con suplementación de AGPI n-3. Las intervenciones dietéticas con AGPI n-3 contribuyen a mejorar la salud endotelial y cardiovascular y sus factores de riesgo asociados.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Preterm infants require special considerations than term infants to obtain adequate growth. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate human milk (HM) in low birth weight premature newborn (LBW-PN) and very low birth weight (VLBW-PN) during hospitalization, maternal factors, and the relationship with nutritional parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 87 LBW-PN and 82 VLBW-PN), admitted in a public hospital in Córdoba, Argentina, were included. Anthropometry, food and biochemical parameters, and child and maternal history were registered. HM contribution was calculated. Anthropometric and biochemical values, days of hospitalization and maternal factors by HM intake were analyzed. RESULTS: Only 36,36
of VLBW-PN and 31,02
of their diet with HM. The hemoglobin concentration at discharge was higher in VLBW-PN group with more HM (p=0,01). There was a statistically significant association between HM amount and height at discharge in the PN with less than 20
of their diet with HM. A high prevalence of cesarean delivery was observed, related to lower HM. CONCLUSIONS: HM contributes to hemoglobin stabilization. Cesarean delivery may be associated with lower contribution of HM to newborn infants.
Subject(s)
Energy Intake , Milk, Human , Infant, Premature , Infant, Low Birth Weight/growth & development , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/growth & development , Food, Fortified , Argentina , Female , Weight Gain , Humans , Male , Infant, NewbornABSTRACT
Se desarrolló el programa informático Interfood v. 1.3 para procesar la información alimentaria y generar datos sobre el consumo dietético -en términos de alimentos, nutrientes y sustancias fitoquímicas- válidos para realizar estudios nutricionales y epidemiológicos. El programa se basa en tres componentes fundamentales: el cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo alimentario (CFCA); una base de datos de alimentos frecuentes y su contenido en 131 compuestos (macro y micronutrientes y sustancias fitoquímicas); y una base de datos relacional que asocia la información del CFCA con la base de datos de alimentos. De esta forma, el programa informático Interfood calcula la cantidad de cada uno de los alimentos y los nutrientes y las sustancias fitoquímicas que una persona consume por día, semana y mes. Interfood es un programa de código abierto, por lo que sus bases de datos se pueden modificar y actualizar de acuerdo con las necesidades de la investigación. Este programa ya ha demostrado su utilidad en diversas investigaciones nutricionales y epidemiológicas.
The Interfood v. 1.3 software program was developed to process nutrition information and generate data on dietary intakes-in terms of food, nutrients, and phytochemical substances-valid for conducting studies on nutrition and epidemiology. The program has three basic components: the dietary intake frequency questionnaire CFCA); a database of common foods and their composition of 131 possible substances (macro- and micronutrients and phytochemicals); and a relational database that links the CFCA data with the food database. In this manner, the Interfood software program calculates the amount of food, nutrients, and phytochemical substances consumed by an individual daily, weekly, and monthly. Interfood is an open-source program; as such, the database can be modified and updated according to study requirements. This program has already proven useful to various studies of nutrition and epidemiology.